The Science of Bicarbonate Buffering

THE WHITE PAPER: BICARRB

A practical, evidence-based guide to why athletes use sodium bicarbonate, how the buffering mechanism delays fatigue, and how FLYCARB's BICARRB makes bicarb gentle on the stomach, palatable, and affordable.

Informed Sport Certified Flavoured & Low Volume 150+ Peer-Reviewed Studies From £4.99 (~1/3 the price of some other brands!)

What the Research Shows

+2% to 3%
Improvement in High-Intensity & Endurance Time-Trial Performance
150+
Peer-Reviewed Studies Validating Ergogenic Buffering Capacity
60 ml
Total Water Required to Mix FLYCARB (Gentle on the Stomach)
~1/3
Cost compared to other hydrogel bicarb products
The 60-Second Science

Why Do Athletes Take Bicarb?

1
Working Hard

Anaerobic Respiration: When the body is on the limit

Whenever you work above your limit, holding pace, powering up a climb, or grinding through a HYROX station, your muscles cannot get oxygen fast enough. Your body switches to anaerobic respiration to produce energy rapidly.

2
The Unwanted Byproduct

This Generates Lactic Acid

As your muscle cells break down glucose anaerobically, they generate lactic acid. This quickly splits into lactate and hydrogen ions (H⁺).

3
The Burn

Blood Becomes Acidic & Muscle Cells Stall

Excess H⁺ ions cause metabolic acidosis (muscle and blood pH falls). This acidity impairs muscle contractions, producing that heavy "burn" and forcing you to slow down.

4
Push Harder, for Longer

Taking BICARRB Raises Blood Bicarbonate Levels

Consuming sodium bicarbonate before your event increases bicarbonate (HCO3⁻) concentration in your bloodstream.

Blood Bicarbonate Surge Curve +20% Buffering Capacity
30 mmol/L 25 mmol/L PEAK (90–120 min)
5
The Mechanism

Blood Bicarbonate Acts Like a Sponge for Acid

Because blood bicarbonate is elevated, a concentration gradient is formed. It draws acidic H⁺ ions out of active muscles and neutralises them into carbon dioxide and water:
H⁺ (Acid) + HCO3⁻ (Bicarb) → H2O + CO2 (Exhaled)

6
The Outcome

You Can Push Harder for Longer

With acidity buffered, your muscles maintain power. You delay the dreaded burn, sprint harder in the closing stages, and sustain higher power output.

Formulated For Athletes

Why FLYCARB BICARRB?

Traditional bicarbonate works, but taking raw baking soda or swallowing 30 capsules causes severe stomach issues. Here is how FLYCARB re-engineered it:

£
Accessible Pricing

From £4.99 per Serving

One-third the cost of competitor hydrogel bicarb systems (~£15+). Accessible enough for your regular threshold sessions and club races, not just once-a-year A-races.

💧
Ultra-Low Fluid

Only 60ml Water Volume

Low volume gel with just 60ml of water and 20g carbs. No heavy fluid in your stomach when lining up on the start line.

🛡️
Zero Stomach Distress

Gentle on the Stomach

Our specialised Energy Mix protects the bicarbonate through the acidic stomach into the intestine minimising GI distress.

🥭
Great Taste

Flavoured Options

Traditional bicarb tastes like salty gloop. FLYCARB offers several flavours including Mango, Mint, and Peach (with CAFCARB options), plus classic Original.

Clean Sport

Informed Sport Certified

Mango, Mint, and Original BICARRB are certified under the Informed Sport program. Every batch is tested for banned substances for drug-tested and competitive athletes.

Optional Boost

CAFCARB Option

Need an extra spark? Our CAFCARB variant blends full bicarb buffering with an ergogenic dose of caffeine for an extra boost.

How FLYCARB Compares

Feature FLYCARB BICARRB Supermarket Bicarb Big Bicarb Brand Bicarb Capsules
Stomach Comfort / Zero GI Issues Yes High Risk Yes Variable
Price per Serving From £4.99 ~£0.50 ~£16.00+ ~£4.00
Low Liquid Volume Only 60ml 300–500ml Large Gel Volume Requires 400ml+
Flavoured Options Available Mango, Mint, Peach Salty Unflavoured None
Informed Sport Certified Yes No Yes Rare
Caffeine Option (CAFCARB) Yes No No No

Calculate Your Personal Protocol

Bicarbonate dosing and intake timing are individual. Use our interactive tools to get your exact portion size and race-day timeline.

Portion Size Calculator

Input your body weight and experience level to find your recommended portion in grams (based on evidence-backed 0.2g to 0.3g per kg dosing).

Open Portion Calculator →

Race Timing Calculator

Input your race start time and event duration to generate a personalised timeline for your pre-race meal, the BICARRB window, and your warm-up.

Open Timing Calculator →

How to Take BICARRB: 4 Simple Steps

A simple pre-race routine.

1

Energy Mix

Empty the Energy Mix into your FLYCARB bowl.

2

Add 60ml Water

Add just 60ml of cold water and stir into a smooth gel

3

Add Bicarb Mix

Add your Bicarb Mix and stir

4

Swallow (Don't Chew)

Eat the mixture with a spoon. Quickly.

Timing: Consume BICARRB 90 to 120 minutes before your event start time. Eat your normal pre-race meal beforehand, and leave a clear 20-minute window around taking BICARRB.
View Video Instructions

Choose Your BICARRB

Whether you are testing bicarb for the first time or stocking up for your target race, select the flavour or bundle that fits your routine.

FLYCARB TRYCARB Bundle
Most Popular for New Athletes

The TRYCARB Bundle

The complete starter system. Includes 4x BICARRB portions across our core flavours, plus the official FLYCARB bowl and FLYSPOON for precise, hassle-free preparation.

4 Full Servings + Official FLYCARB Bowl + FLYSPOON
Mango BICARRB
Informed Sport

Mango BICARRB

Our top-rated fruity flavour. Smooth, refreshing, and gentle on the palate.

Mint BICARRB
Informed Sport

Mint BICARRB

Crisp, clean mint profile designed for an exceptionally refreshing ingestion.

Original BICARRB
Informed Sport

Original BICARRB

The pure, unflavoured formulation for athletes who prefer standard nutrition.

Peach CAFCARB
Bicarb + Caffeine

Peach CAFCARB

Combines full bicarb buffering with an ergogenic caffeine dose for hard starts.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will BICARRB give me stomach issues or nausea?
Traditional sodium bicarbonate often causes gastrointestinal distress because dissolved raw powder reacts rapidly with stomach acid. FLYCARB uses a dedicated Energy Mix carrier that forms an encapsulation matrix with just 60ml of water. This allows the bicarb granules to pass smoothly through the stomach without premature neutralisation or gas distension.
When should I test BICARRB before race day?
Always practice your nutrition in training. We recommend testing BICARRB during a key interval session, threshold workout, or simulated race pace effort 2 to 3 weeks before your target competition. This allows you to dial in your exact timing and experience the buffering effect firsthand.
Is sodium bicarbonate legal in competition?
Yes. Sodium bicarbonate is 100% legal under World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) rules. It is one of only five evidence-backed supplements recognized in the International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on sports nutrition. Furthermore, FLYCARB Mango, Mint, and Original are certified by Informed Sport and tested for prohibited substances.
How much water do I need to take it?
Just 60ml of water. This is one of the biggest benefits of FLYCARB over alternative hydrogel systems. Because the liquid volume is so low, you do not have a heavy, sloshing stomach during warm-ups or on the start line.
How often can I use BICARRB?
Because sodium bicarbonate contains sodium, we recommend taking BICARRB a maximum of three times per week. Reserve it for your most demanding training sessions and race days. Ensure you remain well hydrated on days you take BICARRB.
How do I know my portion size?
Dosing is based on bodyweight (typically 0.2g to 0.3g per kilogram). You can use our free Portion Size Calculator to instantly find your exact recommendation based on your weight and experience.

Selected Scientific References

  1. Grgic, J. et al. (2021): International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1), 61. View Paper
  2. Peart, D. J., Siegler, J. C., Vince, R. V. (2012): Practical recommendations for coaches and athletes: a meta-analysis of sodium bicarbonate use for athletic performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(7), 1975–1983. View Paper
  3. Saunders, B. et al. (2014): Sodium bicarbonate and high-intensity cycling capacity: variability in responses. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(4), 627–632. View Paper
  4. Gurton, W. H., Gough, L. A. et al. (2023): Sodium Bicarbonate and Time-to-Exhaustion Cycling Performance. Sports Medicine - Open. View Paper
  5. Carr, A. J., Hopkins, W. G., Gore, C. J. (2011): Effects of acute alkalosis and acidosis on performance: a meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 41(10), 801–814. View Paper